Single-state multi-party semiquantum key agreement protocol based on multi-particle GHZ entangled states

In this paper, we put forward a novel single-state three-party semiquantum key agreement (SQKA) protocol with three-particle GHZ entangled states first. Different previous quantum (QKA) protocols, the proposed SQKA can realize goal that party and two classical parties who only possess limited capabilities equally contribute to generation of shared private over channels. Detailed security analysis turns out is secure against several famous attacks from an outside eavesdropper, such as Trojan horse attack, entangle-measure measure-resend attack intercept-resend attack. Moreover, it resist participant which means cannot be determined fully by any nontrivial subset three parties. The has following nice features: (1) employs one kind initial resource; (2) does not need pre-shared keys among different parties; (3) unitary operations or entanglement swapping. Finally, generalize into case $$N$$ -party employing -particle resource, inherits features its counterpart.